Pay quo tusk (also known as Payquotuch Sam, Sam Payquotuch, and Kaygegaybe, was said to be born in 1812 probably in Fort Village. He was the brother of Quis mo qua (Quay quay saw mo quay). The parents listed on Quis mo qua's death are Sig-na-kwo and Ah-mow-qua. Other sources say her parents are Sekinagos and Menash. No sources have been found yet naming Pay quo tusk's parents.
"Battle Point was the site of Fort Village and an Odawa Indian burial ground, likely used for a span of about 20 years between 1815 and 1835. The Odawa at the site were led by Chief Onamontapy."
"In 1836, the Treaty of Washington ceded the lands north of the Grand River to the United States. As a result, the Potawatomi Chief Shiawassee, then living upriver at the confluence of Crockery Creek and the Grand River, called a council at Battle Point, where he attempted to induce the Odawa living there and other local groups to revolt and massacre European settlers. However, the Rev. William Ferry and his Indian friends successfully defused the situation." [From Wikipedia]
Quis mo qua's son, Peter, was born about 1838.
Pay-quo-tusk's son, Joseph was born about 1839.
"The Fort Village Band which was located on the north side of the Grand River near the mouth of Crockery Creek. It was a fairly large village with a population of 126 individuals in 1836 under chief Naw naw mattap pee. By 1839, No a qua kee bee was listed as chief." From "The Ottawa and Chippewa Bands in Michigan and the Allotment of their lands under the Treaty of July 31, 1855" by Larry Wykoff.
"Battle Point was the site of Fort Village and an Odawa Indian burial ground, likely used for a span of about 20 years between 1815 and 1835. The Odawa at the site were led by Chief Onamontapy."
"In 1836, the Treaty of Washington ceded the lands north of the Grand River to the United States. As a result, the Potawatomi Chief Shiawassee, then living upriver at the confluence of Crockery Creek and the Grand River, called a council at Battle Point, where he attempted to induce the Odawa living there and other local groups to revolt and massacre European settlers. However, the Rev. William Ferry and his Indian friends successfully defused the situation." [From Wikipedia]
Quis mo qua's son, Peter, was born about 1838.
Pay-quo-tusk's son, Joseph was born about 1839.
"The Fort Village Band which was located on the north side of the Grand River near the mouth of Crockery Creek. It was a fairly large village with a population of 126 individuals in 1836 under chief Naw naw mattap pee. By 1839, No a qua kee bee was listed as chief." From "The Ottawa and Chippewa Bands in Michigan and the Allotment of their lands under the Treaty of July 31, 1855" by Larry Wykoff.
The first record found - the 1839 Annuity Roll. Fort Village Band - has #30 Pay-cut-usk, 1 man, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $21.99. Ni-o-ke-qua-bee is chief. [Sister Quis mo qua was not found, most likely with husband. He is called Shaw-saw-teas on son Peter's marriage, and Mesh was ha by second hand sources. Neither has been found in 1839 roll.]
In the 1840s, the band "moved about four miles down the Grand River and purchased lands in section 31 of Crockery Township." From "The Ottawa and Chippewa Bands in Michigan and the Allotment of their lands under the Treaty of July 31, 1855" by Larry Wykoff.
Pay-quo-tusk's son Sam was born about 1843.
Quis-mo-qua's daughter Lydia as born by 1840. Her son, Jacob, was born about 1848.
Pay-quo-tusk's daughter, Julia, was born about 1852.
The 1857 Annuity roll for Ne gaw be's band, lists:
#13 Pay quo tusk 1 man, no women, no children, receiving $3.16
#5 Quay quay saw mo quay no men, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $6.32
In 1858 Ne gaw be's band contains 9 families, a total of 30 people. Pay quo tusk is not listed, but his sister is: Quay saw mo quay #3, no men, 1 woman, 4 children, receiving $21.05.
Pay quo tusk is listed #7 in Ching gwosh's band, 1 man, 1 woman, 7 children, receiving $37.89.
1859 Pay quo tusk is #3 in Ching gwoshs band, 1 man, 1 woman, 7 children, receiving $12.33.
In Ne gaw be's band, #3 Quay wuay saw mo quay, no men, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $5.48. Her daughter, Mrs. David Smith, #6, no men, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $2.74
Pay quo tusk succeeded Negawbe as chief of the band.
"The last Ottawas on the Grand River, Paquodush's Fort Village Band, sold their Ottawa County land and joined the northern reservation settlement on the Pere Marquette River in November 1859." [Our People, Our Journey by James M. McClurken, 2009]
The Riverton Indian Church Registry, shows Joseph Pa-ka-tusk was married to Mary Anne on 18 Mar 1860 in Grant township, by Lewis J. Griffin, missionary. Joseph Fonnchez and John Smith were witnesses.
Warranty Deed signed and recorded 1 May 1860, Sig gan a couse sold to Pa gon tish, 59 acres, described as lot 8 in section 31, T8N R15W for $1. Ottawa county land records liber Q page 285.
Pay quo tusk moved his family to Mason county.
1860 Federal Census - Pere Marquette, Mason, Michigan, USA
Pa quo tusk, 50, male
Mo ne on, 45, female
Mish e nah ga, 14, female
Ching ga mushe cum, 13, male
An e wa qua, 7, female
Ma quah, 12, male
Mun do ah be zhe, 6, female
Mah ti no 4, female
A gah ne cume qum, 1, female
165/163
Joseph Pe quo tuk, 21
Mon e yon, 15, female
The 1861 Annuity roll - Grand River Ottawas received two payments, under different treaties.
Ching gwaw she's band:
#3 Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, 5 children, receiving $32.34 and $23.87
#6 Jos. Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $13.86 and $10.23
Chief Ne gaw be's band.
Mrs. David Smith, #6, no men, 1 woman, 2 children, receiving $13.86 and $10.23
The 1864 Annuity roll for Pay quo tusk's band has
#1 Chief Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $17.10
#9 Mrs David Smith, no men, 1 woman, 2 children $10.26
#11 John Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, no children, receiving $6.84
In 1864 Payquotuch sold land to Sophia and William Cobmoosa
1864 Payquotuch and Quesemoqua took title of land at Fort Village then sold to Steve Munroe.
Warranty Deed dated Sep 1864, received for record 4 Oct 1864. Ottawa county liber Y, page 258. Top says Paquetush and wife, while Paquetush and Quas mo qua are recorded as the sellers.
Warranty Deed dated 20 Oct 1864, recorded 26 Oct 1864, Qua so mo qua to Stephen Munroe. Land in section 31, T18N R15W, consisting of 10 1/2 acres for $145. "Reserving from above one half acre of land for Burial Ground." Ottawa county land records - Liber Y page 306
The 1865 Annuity Roll for Pay quo tusk's band:
#1 Chief Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $24.50/1/3 $24.50
#7 Mrs. David Smith, no mane, 1 woman, 2 children, receiving $14.70
#8 John Pay quo tusk 1 man, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $14.70
#13 Mrs. David Smith's infant no man, no woman, 1 child, receiving $4.90
1865 Ching qwaw she's band
son Jos. Pay quo tusk #7 1 man, 1 woman, 2 children, receiving $19.60 1/1/2 $19.60
The 1868 Annuity Roll for Pay quo tusk's band
#3 Pay qo tusk, chief 1 man, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $79.25
#8 John Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, no children, receiving $31.70
# 2 Kaw-ge-gay-be, Saml., 1 man, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $79.25
#15 Ne-gaw-naw-naw-quot 1 man, no women, no chldren, receiving $15.85
1868 Annuity roll Ching gwaw she's band
#9 Joseph Pay quo tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, 1 child, receiving $47.55
#3 Saml Kaw-ge-gay-be or Sam Pay-quo-tusk no men, no women, no children, receiving $0
#5 Mrs. David Smith no men, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $61.20
#7 Quay-se-mo-quay no men, 1 woman, 2 children, receiving $45.90
#8 John Pay-quo-tusk 1 man, 1 woman, 2 children receiving $61.20
#10 Pay quo tusk, Chief, 1 man, 1 woman, 3 children, receiving $76.50
#14 Ne-gaw-naw-naw-quot 1 man, no woman, no children receiving $15.30
1870 Annuity roll Ching gwaw she's band
#9 Joseph Pay-quo-tusk, 1 man, 1 woman, no children, receiving, $61.20
1870 Federal Census Township 18 North, Range 16 West, Mason county - post office Indian Town
Ta Co Tush, 56, farmer, farm valued at $1,000
Mary Ann, 48
Negonboqua, female, 10
Suo Sene, female, 8
Martineno, female, 6
1870 Federal Census Township 18 North, Range 16 West, Mason county - post office Indian Town
Ta Co Tush, Joseph, 29
Nancy, 26
Martha, 6
Pay quo tusk took his land at E 1/2 of the SE 1/4, section 30, T18N, R16W, 80 acres signed 22 Oct 1870
On 10 Jan 1871 Wis-me-qua was born to Joseph and Mary in Riverton township, Mason county. Baby is listed as male, but the "qua" ending usually denotes female.
The Riverton Methodist Church Registry gives a 16 Jan 1871 baptism date for Wis-me-ga, child of Joseph and Mary.
"The problem of Americans claiming Ottawa homesteads had grown to such a proportion on all of the 1855 reservations that the federal government sent a special gent to investigate what could only be described as massive land fraud. The special agent found extensive evidence of settlers and land speculators falsely claiming homesteads as 'abandoned' by Ottawas, and then taking the land. In February 1877, the agent reported at least forty such cases of 'robbery & cruelty in the extreme,' including that of William Paquodush, an ogema in the Indian Town community."
[Quote from Our People, Our Journey by James M. McClurken, 2009 page 88; source was George Lee to John Smith, February 1877, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C., NAM, Series M34, RG 75, LROIA, reel 412, frames 207-33
"In 1890, a United States census taker found an Ottawa settlement on a single homestead at the northern edge of the reservation in Sherman Township, near modern-day Fountain. These Ottawas, living in isolation from Americans, had not forgotten their beliefs, rituals, and traditions. Enduring Ottawa spiritual and ritual practices resonate in the enumerator's words:
In the deep woods of Sherman township is a band of pagan Indians... They believe in witchcraft and worship imaginary gods, each having his own deity, though all recognize the existence of a Great Spirit. There are no farmers among them and no stock whatever. They use their own medicines and employ no physicians, and prefer to live by themselves, as far from civilization as possible.
The settlement that the census taker described was located on a homestead that was the summer residence for Paquodush's band." [Our People, Our Journey by James M. McClurken, 2009, pages 111-112. Source was Bureau of the Census, Preort on Indians Taxed and Indians Not Taxed in the United States (Except Alaska) at the Eleventh Census: 1890 (Washington, D.C., 1894, age 334]
Quis Mo Qua Anderson died 12 Dec 1897 at White River, Muskegon county, Michigan.
Her age was given as 110 years, which would make her 51 years old when she had son Peter, 61 when she had son Jacob. Extremely unlikely. She was buried at Mouth Cemetery.
Pay quo tusk died between 1872 (land record) and 1908 (Durant field notes.) He is #1 on page 58. His page mistakenly gives the daughter of his son, Joseph, as Pay quo-tusk's daughter and does not mention any of his living children.
Children by 1st wife:
1 - William Pay-quo-tush or William Sam, 47, P.O. Fountain; wife Nancy Micko, 47, sister of William Micko. Their children - George, 23 and Eunice, 16
2 - Pete-quo-mo-quay or Mary Pay-quo-tush James, P.O. Honor, husband Henry James
3 - adopted child, Maggie Sam or Agnes Robinson, age 15, P.O. Chief Lake, daughter of John Robinson (6-62)
4 - adopted child, Joseph Sam, 47, P.O. Chief Lake, grandson of 5-44; wife Jane, 50
Over - The letter to Horace Durant in 1908 from Samuel Pay-quo-tush's daughter, Julia Wahsayquoumge, gives her father's name as Sam Kahgegoba and her mother as Mary Ogahbagshegoquay who died 30 years ago.
The Durant Field notes for Quis mo qua, #7 page 58 lists her three living children.
Pay quo tusk had been succeeded by his son Sam, who in turn was followed by his son William as chief or ogema of the band.
"The Indian Village site had already been stripped of timber even before the land was offered for sale on the public market." "By 1916 the land had revereted to the United States and was purchased by the nephew of band chief Pacquotush, who in turn divided the village among households of the band." [Native Americans and Wage Labor, chapter 3, James M. McClurken, page 79.]
St. Joseph Herald Press, 14 Jul 1928. This article is a combination of Chief Payquotush (aka Sam) and his son Sam. The father was born c1810, but is not living in 1928, having died between 1870 and 1908. The children listed, Martha Thomas and William Sam, are the children of the son.
Still another article - Saginaw News 7 Jul 1928
The below photo is the "Members of the Pacquodush band, Indian Village, circa 1930." From Native Americans and Wage Labor, chapter 3, James M. McClurken, page 80. It was credited to the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians.
Copyright (c) 2019 Vicki Wilson
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